Comparatives & Superlatives المقارنة والتفضيل

بواسطةmadrasatye
منصة مدرستي التعليمية Madrasatye

Comparatives & Superlatives

المقارنة والتفضيل

1. Basic Rules: Short & Long Adjectives

Definition: We use Comparatives to compare two things (A vs B). We use Superlatives to compare one thing against a whole group (A vs All).

نستخدم المقارنة (Comparative) للمقارنة بين شيئين. ونستخدم التفضيل (Superlative) لمقارنة شيء واحد بمجموعة كاملة.

A. Short Adjectives (One Syllable)

Rule: Add -er + than | The + -est

Adjective: Standard
Old (قديم/كبير)
Comp: older than | Super: the oldest
Adjective: C-V-C Rule
Hot (حار)
Comp: hotter than | Super: the hottest
Double the last letter (ضاعف الحرف الأخير)
Adjective: Ending in Y
Easy (سهل)
Comp: easier than | Super: the easiest
Change ‘y’ to ‘i’ (اقلب الـ y إلى i)

B. Long Adjectives (2+ Syllables)

Rule: more … than | the most …

Expensive (غالي)
Comp: more expensive than
Super: the most expensive

Examples:

  • The Nile River is the longest one in the world.
  • My car is more expensive than yours.

Quick Quiz:

1. The weather in Al-Hodeida is … than Aden.
hot
hotter
hottest
Answer: hotter
Reason: Comparison between two cities + “than”.
2. Equality: As…as / The same…as

A. As … As (Uses Adjectives)

Rule: as + Adjective (Base Form) + as

نستخدم الصفة المجردة (بدون أي إضافات) بين as و as.

✅ Physics is as difficult as Mathematics.

❌ Physics is as more difficult as Mathematics.

B. The same … as (Uses Nouns)

Rule: The same + NOUN + as

هنا يجب استخدام الاسم (Noun) وليس الصفة.
Long ➝ Length
High ➝ Height
Deep ➝ Depth
Heavy ➝ Weight

Examples:

  • My sister is the same height as me.
  • These two wells are the same depth.

Quick Quiz:

2. Hussein’s car is the same … as yours.
colorful
color
colored
Answer: color
Reason: “The same” is followed by a Noun.
3. Double Comparatives

Type A: Continuous Change

Use: To show something is increasing/decreasing.

Structure: Comparative + and + Comparative

تستخدم لإظهار التغيير المستمر (مثل: أسرع فأسرع).
  • Work harder and harder.
  • The road is getting steeper and steeper.

Type B: Cause & Effect

Structure: The + Comparative …, the + Comparative …

قاعدة (كلما … كلما …).
The deeper the water, the greater the pressure.
كلما كان الماء أعمق، كلما كان الضغط أكبر.

Quick Quiz:

3. The cheaper the food, the … you can buy.
many
most
more
Answer: more
Reason: Double comparative structure (The… The…).
4. Irregular Adjectives

Memorize these! They don’t follow rules.

هذه الصفات شاذة ويجب حفظها.
Good (جيد) ➝ Better ➝ The Best
Bad (سيء) ➝ Worse ➝ The Worst
Little (قليل) ➝ Less ➝ The Least
Much/Many ➝ More ➝ The Most

Example:

  • The weather is worse than yesterday.

Quick Quiz:

4. My nightmare was … than yours.
badder
worse
worst
Answer: worse
Reason: Comparative of ‘bad’.

Adjective Rules & Notes

ملاحظات هامة عن الصفات

1. No “S” for Plural Adjectives

Rule: The form of the adjective is the same for singular and plural nouns.

شكل الصفة لا يتغير أبداً سواء كان الاسم مفرداً أو جمعاً (لا نضيف s للصفة).

Examples:

  • Jane is holding a red apple.
    (Singular / مفرد)
  • There are some red apples. There are some reds apples.
Q: I bought two … cars.
new
news
Answer: new
Adjectives never take “s”.
2. Used ONLY Before Noun

Rule: Some adjectives can only be used before a noun (Attributive).

بعض الصفات لا تأتي إلا قبل الاسم مباشرة، ولا تأتي بعد أفعال الكينونة (Is/Are).
Common Words:
Elder Eldest Live Main

Correct Usage:

  • My elder sister is a teacher.
  • I crossed the main road.
  • There is a live fish.
Incorrect Usage (Wrong): My sister is elder. The road is main. The fish is live.
3. Used ONLY After Verb

Rule: Some adjectives are used only after linking verbs (be, seem, feel).

بعض الصفات لا تأتي إلا بعد الفعل، ولا يمكن استخدامها قبل الاسم مباشرة.
The “A” List:
Afraid Alone Ashamed Asleep Awake

Correct Usage:

  • The baby is asleep.
  • He seems afraid.
  • She is alone.
Incorrect Usage (Wrong): The asleep baby… The afraid man… The alone woman…
4. “The” + Adjective (Collective)

Rule: When we use “The + Adjective”, it refers to a group of people. It is always Plural.

عبارة (The + الصفة) تشير لمجموعة من الناس بصفة عامة، وتعامل دائماً معاملة الجمع.
Examples:
The poor = Poor people
The rich = Rich people
The blind = Blind people
The unemployed = Unemployed people

Grammar Check:

  • The unemployed think the government is ignoring them.
    (Note: “think” not “thinks” because it is plural).

Quick Quiz:

Q: The rich … usually happy.
is not
are not
Answer: are not
“The rich” implies a plural group (Rich people).

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